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Glossary 0 – 6 miles – the Sea Fisheries Committees (local authority) regulate fisheries from the coast of England and Wales out to six miles, and can make by-laws for the management and conservation of these fisheries. However, European legislation also applies. Only fishing vessels from the coastal state can fish inside the six-mile zone.
0 – 12 miles – known as the 'Territorial Waters', national governments have jurisdiction over this area.
6 – 12 mile limit – this refers to the inshore fisheries, technically the area of water from the coast out to six or twelve nautical miles. Fishing vessels from certain countries can fish between 6 –12 miles through international agreements.
Bio-economic model – a computer program that will test the social, economic and environmental implications of different fisheries management options. Invest in Fish South West’s bio-economic model is being developed by the Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources (CEMARE) at the University of Portsmouth and The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS).
Effort controls – managing fisheries by restricting the amount of fishing effort.
Effort displacement – the movement of fishing effort from one area to another, generally due to legislation that places a restriction on the usual fishing ground.
Faeroes model – an effort-control-based system used to manage fisheries around the Faeroe Islands. The model annually re-evaluates the number of days individual fishermen can fish and any technical measures that are necessary (e.g. closed areas, fishing gear restrictions) based on the state of fish stocks. Fishermen are allowed to trade these days with other fishermen owning similar-sized vessels and are also free to land whatever fish they catch within these days. Fishery inspectors are in charge of protecting juvenile and spawning stock and can close areas for up to a fortnight if large numbers of juvenile or spawning fish are appearing in catches. The system is widely supported by the industry and considered easy to monitor.
Juvenile aggregations – groupings of young fish of similar species, normally seasonal.
kW limits – the maximum size of engine power a vessel is permitted.
LOA – short for 'length overall', refers to the longest dimension of a vessel permitted.
Mackerel Box – this was established in 1981 off the coast of South England and Ireland to protect a relatively high concentration of juvenile mackerel. Since the box was introduced, the relative mortality of fish aged 0, 1 and 2 years has reduced by 83%, 60% and 20% respectively and the state of the stocks has benefited from the closure. Imagining Change: A Survey of South West Fishermen Mega-fauna culls – specifically reducing the population of large animals by slaughter.
Minimum Landing Sizes (MLS) – a measurement that defines the smallest size at which specific species of fish can be retained legally from a catch. By European law, fish under the MLS should be returned to the sea immediately.
Mobile zone – fishing areas where vessels are permitted to use mobile or towed gears.
Mortality – a measure of the amount of a stock lost annually to natural or artificial factors.
No Take Zone – an area temporarily or permanently closed off to fishing and/or other extractive activities, including dumping, dredging or construction.
Nursery aggregations – an area or natural habitat where the immature members of a species are found.
Potting box – an area, permanently or temporarily designated by legislation or agreement between fishermen, where crab or lobster pots are permitted. This limits conflict between shell fishermen and mobile gear fishermen, such as trawlers.
Recruitment – the point at which fish from a given stock become physically or legally available to a fishery.
Sea Fisheries Committee (SFC) – the committee that regulates fisheries from the coast of England and Wales out to the six nautical mile limit and which is empowered to make by-laws for the management and conservation of these fisheries. It is usually comprised of local authorities and interested parties. The SFC does not have exclusive control of inshore fisheries. National and European legislation also applies and can be enforced by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
Spawning aggregations – areas where a group of fish of the same species gathers to mate.
Static Zone – fish areas where vessels are only permitted to use fixed fishing gears, i.e. pots, nets, lines or traps.
Transitional Aid – financial support during a period of change.
Total Allowable Catch (TAC) – the quantity of fish that can be taken from a stock each year. In Europe, the figure is agreed by the Fisheries Council of Ministers each December for the following year. EU Member States are allocated a fixed proportion of the TAC as their national quota.
Transferable quota system – the right to fish for a certain quantity of specific fish species. The quota can be traded to other fishing vessels. Imagining Change: A Survey of South West Fishermen Under 10 m – referring to vessels that are less than 10 metres in length, usually inshore boats.
V-notching programme – in some parts of the UK, female lobsters carrying eggs are marked by fishermen with a small triangular notch. The mark disappears during the following moult. Females that have been V-notched should be returned to sea to ensure that they are left to spawn. V-notching is also used on large male lobsters to protect their role in spawning stock.
Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) – technology used throughout European waters to track the location of selected fishing vessels by GPS, and so contribute to the monitoring, control and surveillance of fisheries. VMS is currently required on any European vessels over 15 metres.
Zoning – defining areas where fishing for certain species or the use of a certain type of fishing gear and/or other extractive activities – including dumping, dredging or construction – is either permitted or restricted.
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